Dispersing Impellers:
Generally speaking, a dispersing blade is a blade that fits onto a disperser which is built to run at high speeds forming a vortex and creating shear on the surface of the blade. The blades are flat and bolt onto the shaft using a center bore with pins/bolts or a center bore with keyway sandwiched between stiffening plates. They can be found with welded collars and set screws but this can be very dangerous. They can be found with center bores and no pins or no keyway but they can then spin unless there is a strong compression plate type fitting or reverse threads.
Dispersing impellers are designed to run at a 4000-6000 fpm (feet/minute) tip speed which is calculated based on the blade geometry of 1/3 diameter of the tank and 1 hp/10 gallons with the height of the liquid level being equal to the diameter of the tank.
Metal blades can only spin in one direction. The impeller will be marked with an arrow showing the direction. If put on backwards they will rip.
Polyblades are symmetrical and work running in either direction. When one side is worn they can be turned over essentially installing a new blade.
Each impeller design has an optimum tip speed range. The formula for calculating this tip speed is BLADE DIAMETER in inches divided by 12; multiply by 3.14; multiply by shaft rpm. Some of the guidelines are as follows:
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- Steel tooth style dispersing blades 5000-5500 fpm
- Steel tooth style dispersing with pumping 4000-4500 fpm
- Steel tooth style with low shear pumping 4000-4500 fpm
- Polyblades 4000-4500 fpm
- Ring Blade 5800-6000 fpm
- The liquid level should be equal to the tank diameter
- Each blade style has an optimum diameter to tank ratio
- Steel Blades, low to medium viscosity 33% tank diameter
- Steel blades, medium to high viscosity 50% tank diameter
- Polyblades, low viscosity 25% tank diameter
- Polyblades, medium viscosity 28% tank diameter
- Polyblades, high viscosity 33-50% tank diameter
- Ring Blade 25-40% tank diameter
- Each blade style has an optimum height position in the tank
- Steel blades ½ blade diameter off tank floor
- Steel pumping blades & Polyblades 2/3-1 blade diameter off the tank floor
- Dispersers generally require 1 hp/10 gallons but this is also product dependent and batch size dependent;
- During operation, the blade should never be exposed more than where it meets the shaft during the rolling donut type of vortex;
- Impellers should be centered in the tank or just slightly off-set;
- Baffles cause an interference with the vortex and should not be used with dispersers.
Accessories for Dispersing Blades:
- Stiffening plates are needed for steel blades to delay fatigue caused by a fluttering effect when the shaft is running at high speeds;
- Stiffening plates are needed for plastic blades to prevent the holes and/or keyway from stretching;
- Blade guards should be used for stationary steel impellers to prevent personnel from getting cut or always have the idle blade in an empty drum or tank;